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TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM
Protection and promoter of plant growth
Trichoderma is a symbiotic fungus that increases the rate of growth and development of plants, especially their root system. This promotion in growth is manifested from the first phases of the seedling.
T. harzianum, when applied to the roots, associates with them, providing greater vigor and growth. This fungus grows as the root system of the plant with which it is associated does, - forming a protective layer, through a plant/fungus symbiosis.
Thanks to its antagonistic characteristics, it carries out biological control over pathogenic agents. This control is carried out through three types of action:
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Direct competition for space in the plant's rhizosphere and for nutritional resources, a property that gives it the ability to displace the pathogen.
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Production of metabolic antibiotics (volatile or non-volatile in nature) that inhibit the growth of the pathogen,
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direct parasitism. Using the pathogen as a food source.
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MICORRIZAS
Use and effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizae:
The use of mycorrhizae as a biofertilizer does not imply that fertilization can be stopped, but rather that fertilization becomes more efficient and the dose to be applied can be reduced from commonly 50 - 80% and sometimes up to 100%. It is suggested that of the quantities of fertilizers applied, only 20% is used, and the rest is normally filtered or leached without remedy; with the application of mycorrhizae, a much higher percentage can be recovered by the plants; since a root hair can make available to a rootlet the nutrients and water found up to 2 mm from the epidermis, the hyphae of the mycelium of the AM can do so up to 80 mm, which represents for the same rootlet the possibility of exploring a volume of soil up to 40 times greater. The benefit reported by the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in plant growth is therefore of great importance. Mycorrhizae play an essential role in the terrestrial ecosystem, performing a series of functions for the health of many plants and crops. The function of the fungus is to colonize the bark of a given root, without causing any damage, but rather integrates becoming part of it. In turn, the fungus also colonizes the soil surrounding the root through its external mycelium, thus helping the host plant to acquire mineral nutrients and water. The fungus-plant symbiosis is widespread throughout the terrestrial ecosystem, since 90-95% of higher plants are mycorrhized. The use of mycorrhizae helps reduce the degradation of the planet caused by the indiscriminate use of chemical substances (fertilizers, herbicides, etc.) Although there are more than 200 species from MA, the species Glomus intraradices is the most used because it showed that it adapts to various types of soil and environmental conditions. It is well known for rapidly and aggressively colonizing roots and has been shown to be the most effective at absorbing water and nutrients for the plant.
PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS
The presence of Pseudomona Fluorescens in agricultural soil facilitates the natural biocontrol mechanisms in the rhizosphere of your crops of bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus capable of actively favoring plant growth even in the presence of soils infected with pathogenic fungi and bacteria responsible for numerous root diseases. Pseudomonas act in a double way on the crop: they promote plant growth and suppress pathogenic microorganisms.
MICROPROPAGACIÓN
It is a technique used to propagate plants from mother plants so that the seedlings obtained are identical to the mother plant. The cultivation of superior vegetables began more than half a century ago and it is at this time that it reaches importance in agriculture, in obtaining new varieties and by vegetative multiplication on an industrial scale.
AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE
Azospirillum Brasilense, nitrogen fixer and producer of phytohormones. Soil needs to be used responsibly and sustainably through technologies that favor crop productivity and quality, optimally using the inputs required, reducing costs. All these aspects can be supported through the use of biofertilizers. The action of introducing fungi and/or bacteria on the seeds, to the soil or to the irrigation systems in crops of legumes, grasses, vegetables and fruit trees, mainly, is defined as inoculation. Generally the benefits translate into increased root development and grain yield. The results over time are richer soils in organic matter and nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, among others). The rhizobacteria that make up the biofertilizers, known in the literature with the acronym PGPR (from the English “ Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria"), which colonize the root and its zone of influence (rhizosphere soil), perform key functions for the plant such as: (i) biological control of pathogens through antagonistic effects or induction of systemic resistance, increased bioavailability of mineral elements such as phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, or (iii) phytostimulation by promoting emergence or rooting PGPR are associated with many types of plants and are commonly present in various environments Some rhizobacteria colonize root surface and subsequent soil interface; others may have endophytic characteristics in root, stem, leaves, tubers and other organs.